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Hegarty, M. (in press). Components of Spatial Intelligence. In B. H. Ross (Ed.) The Psychology of Learning and Motivation. San Diego: Academic Press.
Hegarty, M., Keehner, M., Khooshabeh, P. & Montello, D. R. (2009). How spatial ability enhances, and is enhanced by, dental education. Learning and Individual Differences, 19, 61-70. [PDF]
Kozhevnikov, M., Motes, M., Hegarty, M. (2007) Spatial visualization in physics problem solving. Cognitive Science, 31, 549-579. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Keehner, M., Cohen, C., Montello, D. R., & Lippa, Y. (2007). The role of spatial cognition in medicine: Applications for selecting and training professionals. In G. Allen (Ed.) Applied Spatial Cognition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Montello, D. R., Richardson, A. E., Ishikawa, T. and Lovelace, K. (2006) Spatial Abilities at Different Scales: Individual Differences in Aptitude-Test Performance and Spatial-Layout Learning. Intelligence, 34, 151-176. [PDF]
Keehner, M., Lippa, Y., Montello, D. R., Tendick, F., & Hegarty, M (2006). Learning a spatial skill for surgery: How the contributions of abilities change with practice. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 487-503. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. & Waller, D. (2006). Individual differences in spatial abilities. In P. Shah & A. Miyake (Eds.). Handbook of Visuospatial Thinking. Cambridge University Press. [PDF]
Keehner, M. M., Tendick, F. Meng, M.V. Anwar, H.P. Hegarty, M. Stoller, M.L. and Duh. Q. Y. (2004). Spatial ability, experience, and skill in laparoscopic surgery, American Journal of Surgery, 188, 71-75.[PDF]
Hegarty. M. & Waller, D. (2004). A dissociation between mental rotation and perspective-taking spatial abilities. Intelligence, 32, 175-191. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. Richardson, A. E., Montello, D. R., Lovelace, K & Subbiah, I. (2002). Development of a Self-Report Measure of Environmental Spatial Ability. Intelligence, 30, 425-447. [PDF]
Kozhevnikov, M., Hegarty, M. & Mayer, R. E. (2002). Revising the visualizer/verbalizer dimension: Evidence for two types of visualizers. Cognition and Instruction, 20, 47-77. [PDF]
Kozhevnikov, M., Hegarty, M. & Mayer, R. E. (2002). Spatial abilities in kinematics problem solving. In M. Anderson, B. Meyer & P. Olivier (Eds). Diagrammatic Representation and Reasoning (pp.155 – 171). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Miyake, A., Rettinger, D. A., Friedman, N. P., Shah, P & Hegarty, M. (2001). Visuospatial working memory, executive functioning and spatial abilities. How are they related? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 621-640. [PDF]
Kozhevnikov, M. & Hegarty, M. (2001). A dissociation between object-manipulation and perspective-taking spatial abilities. Memory & Cognition, 29, 745-756. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Shah, P & Miyake, A. (2000). Constraints on using the dual-task methodology to specify the degree of central executive involvement in cognitive tasks. Memory & Cognition, 28, 376-385.
Hegarty, M. & Kozhevnikov, M. (1999). Types of visual-spatial representations and mathematical problem solving. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 684-689. [PDF]
Wolbers, T., Hegarty, M. Büchel, C., & Loomis, J. (2008). How the brain keeps track of changing object locations during observer motion. Nature Neuroscience, 11, 1223-1230. [PDF]
Keehner, M. Guerin, S. Miller, M. Turk, D, & Hegarty, M. (2006). Modulation of neural activity by angle of rotation during imagined spatial transformations. NeuroImage, 33, 391-398. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Canham, M. & Fabrikant, S. I. (in press). Thinking about the weather: How display salience and knowledge affect performance in a graphic inference task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. [PDF]
Kooshabeh, P. & Hegarty, M. (in press). Inferring cross sections: When internal visualizations are more important than properties of external visualization. Human Computer Interaction.
Fabrikant, S. I., Rebich-Hespanha., S., & Hegarty, M. (in press). Cognitively inspired and perceptually salient graphic displays for efficient inference making. Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
Canham, M. & Hegarty, M. (in press). Effects of knowledge and display design
on comprehension of complex graphics. Learning and Instruction. [PDF]
Stull, A. T., Hegarty, M. & Mayer, R. E. (2009). Orientation references: Getting a handle on spatial learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 803-816.
Hegarty, M. (2009). Visual Imagery . In Goldstein, B. (Ed). Sage Encyclopedia of Perception. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Hegarty, M. Smallman, H. S., Stull, A. T. & Canham, M. (2009). Naïve Cartography: How intuitions about display configuration can hurt Performance. Cartographica, 44, 171-187.
Keehner, M. Hegarty, M., Cohen, C. A., Khooshabeh, P. & Montello, D. R. (2008). Spatial reasoning with external visualizations: What matters is what you see, not whether you interact. Cognitive Science, 32, 1099-1132. [PDF]
Keehner, M., Khooshabeh, P., & Hegarty, M. (2008). Interactive visualizations and individual differences among users. In F. Dong, G. Ghinea, & S. Y. Chen (Eds.) User Centered Design for Medical Visualization. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc (pp. 1-24). [PDF]
Cohen, C. A. & Hegarty, M. (2007). Individual differences in use of an external visualization while performing an internal visualization task. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 701-711. [PDF]
Kriz, S. & Hegarty, M. (2007). Top-down and bottom-up influences on learning from animations. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 65, 911-930. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. & Kriz, S. (2007). Effects of knowledge and spatial ability on learning from animation. In R. Lowe & W. Schnotz. Learning from Animation. Cambridge University Press (pp. 3-29). [PDF]
Hegarty, M. (2005). Multimedia learning about physical systems. In R. E. Mayer (Ed). Handbook of Multimedia. Cambridge University Press. [PDF]
Mayer, R.E., Hegarty, M., Mayer, S. Y Campbell, J. (2005). When passive media promote active learning: Static diagrams versus animation in multimedia instruction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 11, 256-265. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. (2004). Dynamic visualizations and learning: Getting to the difficult questions. Learning and Instruction, 343-351. [PDF]
Kriz, S. & Hegarty, M. (2004). Constructing and revising mental models of a mechanical system: The role of domain knowledge in understanding external visualizations. In K. Forbus, D. Gentner & T Regier (Eds.) Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hegarty M. (2004). Diagrams in the mind and in the world: Relations between internal and external visualizations. In A. Blackwell, K. Mariott and A. Shimojima (Eds.). Diagrammatic Representation and Inference. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2980 (pp. 1-13). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Kriz, S. & Cate, C. (2003). The roles of mental animations and external animations in understanding mechanical systems. Cognition & Instruction, 21, 325-360. [PDF]
Narayanan, N. H. & Hegarty, M. (2002). Multimedia design for communication of dynamic information. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 57, 279-315. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. Narayanan, N. H. & Freitas, P. (2002). Understanding Machines from Multimedia and Hypermedia Presentations. In J. Otero, A. C. Graesser & J. Leon (Eds.). The Psychology of Science Text Comprehension. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Narayanan, N. H. & Hegarty, M. (2000). Communicating dynamic behaviors: Are interactive multimedia presentations better than static mixed-mode presentations? In M. Anderson, P. Cheng & V. Harslev (Eds.) Theory and application of diagrams. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1889. Berlin: Springer. [PDF]
Tendick, F., Downes, M., Gogtekin, T. Cavusoglu, M.C., Feygin, D. Wu, X., Eyal, R., Hegarty, M. & Way, L.W. (2000). A virtual testbed for training laparoscopic surgical skills. Presence, 9, 236-255. [PDF]
Shah, P., Mayer, R. E. & Hegarty, M. (1999). Graphs as aids to knowledge construction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 690-702. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Quillici, J., Narayanan, N. H., Holmquist, S., & Moreno, R. (1999). Multimedia Instruction: Lessons from Evaluation of a Theory-based Design. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 8, 119-150.
Narayanan, N. H. & Hegarty, M. (1998). On designing comprehensible hypermedia manuals. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 48, 267-301. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. & Just, M.A. (1993). Constructing mental models of machines from text and diagrams. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 717-742. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Carpenter, P. A. & Just, M. A. (1990). Diagrams in the comprehension of scientific text. In R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, & P. D. Pearson (Eds.) Handbook of reading research. New York: Longman.
Hegarty, M. & Just, M. A. (1989). Understanding machines from text and diagrams. In H. Mandl & J. Levin (Eds.). Knowledge acquisition from text and picture. Amsterdam: North Holland (Elsevier Science Publishers).
Hegarty, M., Montello, D. R., Richardson, A. E., Ishikawa, T. and Lovelace, K. (2006) Spatial Abilities at Different Scales: Individual Differences in Aptitude-Test Performance and Spatial-Layout Learning. Intelligence, 34, 151-176. [PDF]
Montello, D. R., Waller, D., Hegarty, M & Richardson, A. E. (2004). Spatial memory of real environments, virtual environments, and maps. In G. Allen (Ed.). Human Spatial Memory: Remembering Where (pp. 251-285). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Waller, D., Montello, D. R., Richardson, A. E. & Hegarty, M. (2002). Orientation specificity and spatial updating of memories for layouts. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory & Cognition, 28, 1051-1063. [PDF]
Montello, D. R., Richardson, A. E., Hegarty, M & Provenza, M. (1999). A comparison of methods for estimating directions in egocentric space. Perception, 28, 981-1000. [PDF]
Richardson, A. E., Montello, D. & Hegarty, M. (1999). Spatial knowledge acquisition from maps, and from navigation in real and virtual environments. Memory & Cognition, 27, 741-750.
Lovelace, K.L., Hegarty, M., & Montello, D. R. (1999) Elements of good route directions in familiar and unfamiliar environments. In Freksa, C., & Mark, D. M. (eds.). Spatial information theory: Cognitive and computational foundations of geographic information science. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1661). Berlin: Springer. [PDF]
Ferguson, E. L. & Hegarty, M. (1994). Properties of cognitive maps constructed from text. Memory & Cognition, 22, 455-473.
Hegarty, M., Mayer, S., Kriz, S. & Keehner, M. (2005). The role of gestures in mental animation. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 5, 333-356. [PDF]
Barkowsky, T., Freksa, C., Hegarty, M. & Lowe, R. (Eds.) (2005). Reasoning with mental and external diagrams: Computational modeling and spatial assistance. Papers from the AAAI Sping symposium. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.
Hegarty, M. (2004). Mechanical reasoning as mental simulation. TRENDS in Cognitive Science, 8, 280-285. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Meyer, B. & Narayanan, N. H. (Eds.) (2002). Diagrammatic representation and inference. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Kozhevnikov. M. & Hegarty, M. A. (2001). Impetus Beliefs as Default Heuristics: Dissociation between Explicit and Implicit Knowledge about Motion. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 439-453. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. (2000). Capacity limits in diagrammatic reasoning. In M. Anderson, P. Cheng & V. Harslev (Eds.) Theory and application of diagrams. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1889. Berlin: Springer. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. & Steinhoff, K. (1997). Use of diagrams as external memory in a mechanical reasoning task. Learning and Individual Differences, 9, 19-42.
Sims, V. K. & Hegarty, M. (1997). Mental animation in the visual-spatial sketchpad: Evidence from dual-task studies. Memory & Cognition, 25, 321-332.
Schwartz, D. L. & Hegarty, M. (1996). Coordinating multiple representations for reasoning about mechanical devices. Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Cognitive and Computational Models of Spatial Representation. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.
Ferguson, E. L. & Hegarty, M. (1995). Learning with real machines or diagrams: Application of knowledge to real-world problems. Cognition and Instruction, 13(1), 129-160. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. & Narayanan, N. H. (1994). Visual reasoning in problem solving. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 982-984). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hegarty, M. & Sims, V. K. (1994). Individual differences in mental animation during mechanical reasoning. Memory & Cognition, 22, 411-430.
Hegarty, M. (1992). Mental animation: Inferring motion from static diagrams of mechanical systems. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 18(5) 1084-1102. [PDF]
Hegarty, M. (1992). The mechanics of comprehension and comprehension of mechanics. In K. Rayner (Ed.) Eye movements and visual cognition: Scene perception and reading. New York: Springer Verlag.
Hegarty, M. (1991). Knowledge and processes in mechanical problem solving. In R. J.Sternberg & P. A. Frensch (Eds.) Complex problem solving: Principles and mechanisms. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hegarty, M., Just, M. A., & Morrison, I. R. (1988). Mental models of mechanical systems: Individual differences in qualitative and quantitative reasoning. Cognitive Psychology, 20, 191
Kintsch, W., Healy, A., Hegarty, M., Pennington, B.,& Salthouse, T. (1999). Models of working memory: Eight questions and some general answers. In A. Miyake & P. Shah, (Eds.). Models of Working Memory. Cambridge University Press.
Revlin, R. & Hegarty, M. (1999). Resolving signals to cohesion: Two models of bridging inferences. Discourse Processes, 27, 77-102. [PDF]
Mayer, R. E. & Hegarty, M. (1996). The process of understanding mathematical problems. In R.J. Sternberg & T. Ben-Zeev (Eds.) The nature of mathematical thinking. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hegarty, M., Mayer, R. E. & Monk, C. (1995). Comprehension of arithmetic word problems: A comparison of successful and unsuccessful problem solvers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 18-32. [PDF]
Hegarty, M., Mayer, R. E & Green, C. E. (1992). Comprehension of arithmetic word problems: Evidence from students' eye fixations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 76-84. [PDF]
Mayer, R., Lewis, A. B., & Hegarty, M. (1992). Mathematical misunderstandings: Qualitative reasoning about quantitative problems. In Campbell, J. I. D. (Ed.) The Nature and Origins of Mathematical Skills. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.
Greaney, V. & Hegarty, M. (1987). Correlates of leisure time reading. Journal of Research in Reading, 10(1), 3- 20.
Kellaghan, T. & Hegarty, M. (1984). Participation in the Leaving Certificate Examination 1961 - 1980. The Irish Journal of Education, 18 (2), 71-106.
Department of Psychology • University of California, Santa Barbara